Cross-adding accounting machine and programing means therefor



.J. W: BRYCE June 3, 19 41.

CROSS-ADDING ACCOUNTING MACHINE AND PROGRAMING MEANS THEREFOR Filed Oct.1, 1937 7 Sheets-Sheet l ATTORNEY \7 June 3, 1941. J. w. BRYCECROSS-ADDING ACCOUNTING MACHINE AND PROGRAMING MEANS THEREFOR '7sheets-shes 2 Filed Oct. 1. 1937 FIG. 2.

FIG. 3.

lNVENTOR ATTORNEY &

Eune 3, 1941. w, BRYCE 2,244,241

CROSS-ADDING ACCOUNTING MACHINE AND MEANS THEREFOR Filed Oct. 1, 1937 7Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR w Q LL. I BY ab ATTORNEY 9 June 3, 1941. ,1. w.BRYCE V CROSS-ADDING ACCOUNTING MACHINE AND PROGRAMING MEANS THEREFORFiled Oct. 1, 1937 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 ATTORNEY 5 .o' L u.

J. W. BRYCE June 3, 1941. 2,244,241

CROSS-ADDING ACCOUNTING MACHINE AND PROGRAMING MEANS THEREFOR- FiledOct. 1, 19,37 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 ATTORNEYJ J. w. BRYCE- 2,244,241

CROSS-ADDING ACCOUNTING MACHINE AND PROGRAMING MEANS THEREFOR June 3,1941.

Filed Oct. 1, 1937 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Z TNVE/lyN/TQR 1 TTO RN EY 5Patented June 3, 1941 CROSS-ADDING ACCOUNTING MACHINE AND PROGRAMINGMEANS THEREFOR James W. Bryce, Glen Ridge, N. J., assignor. toInternational Business Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., acorporation of New York Application October 1, 1937, Serial No. 166,820

7 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in cross-adding machines and moreparticularly to suchmachines of the record controlled and record makingtype. Cross-adding machines are now in general use and theirconstruction is such that there may be some diversity in the differentcalculations which can be performed by the machine. The extent ofdiversity of calculations which such form of machines are capable ofperforming is, in a measure. dependent upon the number of machine cyclesavailable for successive transfer of amounts from accumulator toaccumulator and the number of problems also depend, to a certain extent,upon the number of operating initiating controls and entry and transferdirecting controls which are provided. Heretofore in previous commercialmachines the construction was such that there were only a certain numberof machine cycles available for transferring operations. The entry oftransfer directing controls were al o to a considerable extent limited.

The present invention has for its general objects the provision of amachine which is very much more flexible in the variety of cross-addingoperations which can be performed by the machine and the flexibility ofthe machine for the performing of different calculations is under thecontrol of the operator instead of being initially built in the machinesat the factory.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a constructionaflording a greater number of cross-adding results than obtainableheretofore.

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision ofnovel programing means for cross-adding machines. Such programing meanswill enable the operator to program the sequence of transfers and toselectively route the transfers from any selected accumulator to. anyother selected accumulator and to also permit the selective transfer ofsuch amounts either additively or subtractively.

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision ofcontrols to automatically terminate transfer cycles selectively afterany cycle at the will of the operator and without manual interventionand to provide other machine controls which will thereupon come intoaction to re-initiate a new calculation pertaining to a new record,

A further object of the present invention resides in an accountingmachine with accumulating means capable of being reset during the cyclein which the complement of amounts initially standing therein are beingderived therefrom and entered into another accumulator.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a cross-addingmachine of a simple control means in the form of a programing plugboardwith programing and selecting controls controlled thereby whichwill-enable the operator to select at will the source or sources of atransfer entry on a particular cycle, the destination or destinations ofsuch entry and the sign or signs of such entry.

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision of aprograming control for a cross-adding machine wherein the succession ofcycles may be selected at will by the operator.

A further object of the present invention resides in a form of selectivecontrol for a crossadding machine in which a single operator manipulableelement such as a plug connection is adapted to effect or rendereffectiv all of the desired selections, viz. the source of a transferredentry, the destination of a. transferred entry and the sign of atransferred entry and the cycle ing machine wherein transfer of amountsmay be effected from any of a plurality of selected accumulators to anyof a selected plurality of other accumulators and wherein transfers maybe made in one cycle or on successive cycles or with multiple transfersin the same cycle.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 shows a somewhat diagrammatic view of the various units of themachine and of the driving mechanism therefor;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken through the card handling and readingsection of the machine;

Fig. 3 is a cam timing diagram;

Figs. 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d, taken together and arranged vertically in theorder named, show the wiring diagram of the machine; and I Fig. 5 is anenlarged detail .view of the plugboard showing I the printed legendsappearing thereon. This view is an enlarged view of the plugboardsection which is shown somewhat in reduced scale on the circuit diagram.

The machine to which the present invention is shown applied is of a typewell known in the art and no detailed mechanical description of the sameis necessary. Reference, however, may be had to United States patents toDaly, No. 2,045,437 and Daly et 81., No. 2,088,408, for details ofoperation and for an explanation of the mechanical parts, card handlingand reading mechanisms, accumulators, accumulator drives, punchingdevices, etc.

The machine, however, is generally shown in Fig. 1 wherein similarreference numerals are used to correspond to the showing on the circuitdiagram. The machine comprises four accumulators, designated A, B, C andD. These are driven in the customary manner. A single impulse emitter lis provided, driven in the customary manner from the main drive shaft.There is also the usual impulse distributor I I and cam contacts CC3,CC8, CC9 and CC-lll.

. These are driven in the manner indicated in Fig.

1. Ten FC cam contacts are provided driven in the manner shown inFig. 1. FC-I, FC-6, FC-'|, FC--8, FC-ll, FC-l'l, FC-l8, FCI9, FC-- andFC--2I are timed as shown in the timing diagram (Fig. 3).

The machine includes the customary punching mechanism which is shown indotted lines on Fig. 1 and which is like the corresponding punch of theDaly patent above referred to. The customary electro-mechanical relaysection is dispensed with in the present machine, inasmuch as themulti-contact relays are a purely electrical type.

In lieu of providing individual reset controls 'on the variousaccumulators, a single reset control is provided to call into action areset shaft which, when rotated, resets all of the accumulatorsconcurrently, i2 shows such reset shaft and this shaft is brought intorotation upon energization of the reset magnet i3. The reset drive isobtained in the customary manner from the customary shaft l4 and thecustomary one-revolution clutch generally designated i5 is adapted toconnect the shaft i2 to shaft l4 when accumulator reset is desired. Tworeset controlled contacts l6 and I! are provided. Contacts i8 and I1both close upon reset.

The machine of the present invention employs stepping switches forcontrolling the programing of cycles. These are of a type well known inthe telephone art and reference may be had to United States patent toBohlman, No, 1,569,450, which shows and describes a switch of this type.Such switches include a motor magnet which upon energization andde-energization advances a wiper or wipers step by step over a contactbank or banks. They are provided with a release magnet which whenenergized, allows the wipers to return to normal position under thepower of a spring which is wound up upon step by step advance of thewiper. Such stepping switches are customarily provided with so-calledoif nor- Cam contacts h arm or wiper is in normal position and whichopen up in other than normal positions of the switch arm. The steppingswitch is also provided with another pair of contacts which are openwith the switch arm in normal position and and in fact concurrenttransfers into two accumulators may be made from two other accumulatorsin the same cycle or from one accumulator into a plurality of otheraccumulators. Amounts can also be transferred from accumulator toaccumulator either positively or negatively. Suitable control means isprovided to select whether a particular transfer is to be of negative orpositive character. The machine is intended to operate with one or aplurality of successive transfer cycles after the entry of amounts toprovide one or a plurality of successive transfers from accumulator toaccumulator. The accumulators further may be used repeatedly in carryingout computations which involve a succession of transfers. The number ofdifferent types of computations which the machine is capable ofperforming is very large. Some typical types will be explained in moredetail hereinafter.

Generally, as a preliminary to a computation, the operator determinescertain sets of facts. First there is a determination from whichaccumulator or accumulators the amounts are to be derived on eachtransfer cycle with the computation. There is then a determination ofthe remaining accumulator or accumulators into which amounts are to betransferred. There is then a further determination of the type oftransfer whether it is to be positive or negative. Such determinationsare made by the operator before setting up the controls of the machinefor any given calculation and further such determinations are made bythe operator for each machine cycle. There are also certain rules whichthe operator must take into account in setting up the controls. Theserules follow from the structural limitations and capabilities of theaccumulators and may be listed as follows:

1. Only one entry may be made into one accumulator in one step.

2. An entry must not be made to an accumulator from which a transfer isbeing made in the same step, subject to rule 3.

3. An amount may be transferred from one accumulator to another and alsoreentered into the first accumulator in the same step, provided that theamount is entered into both accumulators additively or subtractively.

4. The plugging made for each step must have no connection in commonwith any other step or must be identical with that for another step. Asimple illustration will explain the foregoing.

Assume terms A, B, C and D are entered into the respective accumulators.Assume that on the first transfer cycle A is to be transferred to Bpositively and C to D positively. In this case A and C are the sourceaccumulators and Band D are the destination accumulators. The signs oftransfer in each case are positive. For, the next step in thecalculation the sum of A and B standing in the B accumulator is to beadded to the C and D sum standing in the D accumulator. In this eventthe source accumulator is B, the destination accumulator is D and thesign of the transfer is again positive. Further the transfer cycle isthe second transfer cycle. Having thus ascertained the general steps ofthe computation, the succession of steps, the signs involved in thesteps and the routing of the transfer entries, the operator is ready toplug up the machine and condition the'controls for the desiredcalculation. To do this the operator utilizes the novel programingplugboard which plugboard is connected with the respective machinecontrols so that by merely plugging up this plugboard the machine can beDre-set to perform a calculation involving a great multiplicity of stepsand a possible great multiplicity of successive transfers. The plugboardis provided with legends which guide the operator in setting it up.

By the use of the plugboard of the instant in- I vention it is possibleby a single plug connection to condition the controls of the machine,first according to source of the transferred entry, second according todestination of an entry to be transferred, third according to sign ofthe transferred entry and fourth according to the cycle in which thetransfer is to take place. The operator does not have to considerseparate controls for all of these functions, but merely places one plugconnection in place as directed by the legends on the plugboard and thisserves to bring all of the controls into operation in the properrelation and at the proper time in the sequence of transfers. When themachine is in use the plugboard remains plugged for a scrim ofcomputations of a run and after each computation pertaining to a givenrecord is completed, the

identical computation is performed pertaining to the following record.

The plugboard will now be generally described.

Generally the plugboard arrangement'of the present machine comprises aplugboard which may be considered. to have three main sect-ions. Thefirst section is the section for directing and routing the originalentries from the record into the accumulators. The third section is asection provided for routing amounts from the accumulators with resultamounts therein to.the punching apparatus. Such first and third sectionare sections customarily used in machines of this class. Intermediatethe first section and the third section a novel form of board, termed aprograming board" is provided. This section is divided into varioussteps. Each step corresponds to a machine cycle adaptable for transferof amounts after the amounts have been originally entered into theaccumulator. A multiplicity of such sections are shown and if there isplugging in that section a certain transfer operation will take placeduring that step or cycle which is related to the section. Theprograming board in addition to being divided into sections is providedwith multiple sockets in each section to permit diverse operations to beperformed. Taking a particular section there are a number of sockets atthe top bearing a common legend such as +A. These sockets relate to theaccumulator from which an amount is to be transferred and also have asign characteristic as designated by the preceding the symbol. It willbe noted in Fig. 5 there are four +'A sockets and just below them arefour sockets with similar reference characteristics a, b, c and d. Thesesockets are the designation sockets and relate to the accumulator towhich a transfer is to be effected. For example, if in the first stepsection a plug connection is made from a +A socket to the d socket,there will be a transfer of the amount in the A accumulator to the Daccumulator and such transfer will be made positively and it will alsobe effected in the first step or first transfer cycle following theentry cycle. On the other hand if a like connection from +A to d wasmade in the step two section,

this transfer of the A amount positively to the D accumulator would bemade in the second transfer cycle and not in the first. On the otherhand if on the first step a connection was made from the A sockets tothe d socket, the amount standing in the A accumulator would betransferred negatively to the D accumulator and such transfer would takeplace during the first step following the entry cycle. Assuming now thatplug connections are made in the first step section and no plugconnections whatsoever were made in the third step section, the machinewould then proceed and make the successive calculations required for thefirst step and for the second step. The machine controls then would comeinto action at the end of the second step and automatically detect thefact that no calculation whatsoever was set up for the following thirdstep. Under this condition the machine controls would terminate transfercycles and initiate recording, followed by reset and bring about a cardhandling operation for entering items from a further record card in therun.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that the programing plugboardenables the operator of the machine to selectively set the machine tocompute according to the sign plus or minus for the desired calculationsfor any term or terms and the operator can selectively set theprograming plug-board to derive an amount from any accumulator asselected by the operator and to enter the amount in any of the otheraccumulators as selected by the operator.

The programing board is also multiplied to permit concurrent transferoperations to be brought about in the same cycle, that is to say, anamount can betransferred from A to B when another amount is beingtransferred from C to D, or from A to B and A to C concurrently, etc.Any desired transfer can be made at the will of the operator except themachine should not be plugged up to attempt to enter two differentamounts concurrently into the same accumulator, and further the machineshould not be'plugged up to enter an amount into the one accumulatorwhile the same receiving accumulator is controlwhich drives a D. C.generator 2|.

ling the transfer of an amount to another accumulator.

Circuit diagram With pre-punched cards in the card magazine the operatorcloses switch 20 (Fig. 4d) providing current supply for the main drivingmotor Z, This D. C. generator supplies direct current to buses 22 and23. The start key is now depressed to close start key contacts 24 andcomplete a circuit from D. C. bus 22, through relay coil M, throughstart key contacts 24, relay contacts G-I in the position shown, throughcam contacts FC2 to the 23 side of the line. A stick circuit isestablished through contacts M-2, and through cam contacts FC8. Relaycontacts M-l (Fig. 4c) are also closed and a circuit is establishedthrough contacts F-|, through the card feed clutch magnet 25 (see alsoFig. 1), through cam contacts FC6, through the stop key contacts 26,through relay contacts M-l, through the punch contacts Pil now closedand back to the other side of the line. As is customary in machines ofthis type the start key must be held depressed for the first fourmachine cycles in starting up on a run or alternatively, it may bedepressed and released and then depressed a second time. Starting isprevented until the feed rack of the punch is in the right handposition, this being provided for by theusual P-| contacts. The firstcomplete card feed cycle on starting up will advance the first card tothe position in which the-card will brushes generally designated 21 (seeFigs. 2 and 40).

be about ready to pass under the main sensin At the beginning of thesecond card feed cycle the card traverses the brushes and the mountsfrom the card are entered respectively into their related accumulators.It will be under-' stood that one or more entries can be made from thecard and as here shown four accumulators are provided adapted to receiveconcurrently four separate entries from the card. With card lever latchcontacts 3'! (Fig. 4d) become latched closed in the usual mannerproviding current supply for punch driving motor Z-2. The card nowadvancesendwise through the punch in the customary manner.

For purposes of explanation, it will be assumed that it is desired totake four separate entries from a card and to add all of these entriesinto one final result. For simplicity of excontacts 28 closed, relaycoil H (Fig. 4d) will be planation the different amounts will be giventhe same reference character as the accumulator into which the amountsare entered from the card.

"I'hus the problem will be assumed to be ing upon the number of entriesto be madeplug connections are made at this plugboard to the accumulatorPlug sockets SIA, IIB, IIC and SID. For purposes of the presentdescription it will be assumed that the amounts are to be entered" inall four accumulators. The circuits from the accumulator plug sockets 3IA, etc. extend through a cable 32 (Figs. 4a and 4b) and flow to theaccumulator magnets A, NBJSC and 33D, passing through the contacts a ofa' multi-contact relay having'a relay coil I4. The purpose of the relaycontacts Ila is to cut of! the circuit to the entry plugboard after theamounts have been manner previously described. Then upon closure of camcontacts FC-i! (Fig. 4d) a circuit is established to energize the relaycoil 34. It will be understood that after the entry or entries are madeinto the accumulators, this relay coil 34 will become de-energized sothat all circuits to the entry plugboard are interrupted. During theoperation hand initiating control is cut oil in the usual manner, thatis, at the beginning of the second card feed cycle the closure of camcontacts mil (Fig. 4d) will cause energization of relay coil G. Withrelay coil G energized, the three-blade contacts G-i will be shifted toreverse position interrupting the circuit to the start key contacts 24but maintaining the circuit to the FC-i cam contacts. With G energized,contacts 0-2 close and establish a stick circuit for coils G and Hthrough either the FC2 contacts or the card lever contacts 2|. As iscustomary in machines of this type, it may be noted that the making timeof cam contacts FO-2 overlaps the time when the card lever contacts 28open between cards. Relay coils G and H are maintained energized duringtransfer cycles, since contacts FC-I are closed during such cycles. Thecard ultimately passes to the receiving position in the punch, closingcontacts 35 (Fig-4c) energizlng relay coil F and shifting F--l toreverse position. As is customary the punch contacts P-l, P-I and P5 arenow closed. With P-S closed, X will be energized and the K-l contactswill be closed. With punch contacts P3 closed, the punch clutch magnet38 will be energized upon closure of cam contacts CC3, the circuit beingthrough'K-l, P-4 to 36, 00-3, through F4 in the shifted position. Thepunch motor A+B+C+D. For this type of operation, the following plugconnections are made. At the entry plugboard connections will be madefrom the brush sockets 21, respectively, to the IIA sockets, 3IBsockets, liC sockets and SID sockets. This will provide for the entry ofthe amounts into the respective accumulators A, B, C and D from thecard. 0n the programing section of the plugboard, a plug connection forstep one will be made from a socket +A to b. This connection +Ab thusmade and identified I +Ab will signify that on the first transfer cyclefollowing the en..

7 try cycle as designated byI there will be a transfer of the amountstanding in accumulator A in a positive manner to the B accumulator. "b"signines the receiving accumulator. During the first transfer cycle itis also desired to transfer 7 the amount standing in the C accumulatorto the D accumulator. Accordingly, a plug connection is made as follows:I +Cd. This plugging provides for a transfer of the C amount to the Daccumulator on the first transfer cycle. At the completion of the firsttransfer cycle A-l-B will be standing in the B accumulator and C+D willstand in the D accumulator. It is then desired to get the sum of A+Btransferred over into the A- accumulator. For this purpose for thesecond transfer step, a plug connection is made as follows: II +Bd. Thisplugging will bring about the transfer of the amount from the Baccumulator to the D accumulator in a positive manner. Plugging is alsoprovided from final output sockets "D to sockets 39 which connect to thepunch magnets to provide for controlling these punch magnets so as topunch the final result D back on the record card.

For simplicity of explanation, the relay which is called into operationfor properly routing transfers will have reference numeralswhichcorrespond to the plugging which allows energimtion of the relay. Thuson a transfer from A to B positively, the relay which would beenergized, would be +Ab (Fig. 4c). 0n the plugboard, in addition to plusplug sockets there are also provided negative sockets so designated bythe minus sign preceding the reference numeral, thus -A.

For controlling current supply to the various sections of the programingplugboard at different transfer cycles relays I, 2, 3, I, 5, 8 to I9 arepro- .vided. The plug sockets for relays I to II in clusive are notillustrated on Fig. 5, since their relation and wiring will be readilyunderstood from the wiring of the other relays illustrated. The numberof these relays correspond to the transfer cycle in which it becomesenergized.

Thus I would signify that the relay is energized Stepping switch andprograming for cycle control in the Bohlman United States Patent No.1,569,-.

450, previously referred to. This stepping switch includes the customarymotor or stepping magnet 42 and release magnet Ii. Contacts 40a areprovided, which are closed when the switch is in normal position andopen when the switch is in on normal position. Contacts 401: are openwhen the switch is in normal position and closed at all other positions.Switch or wiper 43 when in normal position isin circuit with a contactconnected to relay coil II. One step of advance of the switch arm 42will connect relay coil l in circuit, the next step relay coil 2 incircuit and so on. During the entry cycle switch 42 remains in thenormal position as shown. During such entry cycle which precedes thetransfer cycle. contacts G--4 become closed upon the energization ofrelay coil G. At about the end of the entry cycle, contacts FC-l'| closeand a circuit path is established as follows: From line 23, through FOIl, G4, through the now closed 440 contacts to motor magnet 42 and backto the other side of the line. This will step the switch 42 forward onestep of advance and establish a circuit traced as follows: From line 22,through relay contacts 49d now closed. through the switch 42, throughthe contact pertaining to the I relay, through such relay to the otherside of the line 22. Transfer operations as will hereinafter beexplained now ensue.

During the entry cycle, which precedes the transfer cycle, contacts G-2(Fig. 4c) become closed energizing relay coil GG which remains energizedby virtue of contacts GGI, the stick circuit going back to line throughthe FC--2| contacts. With relay GG energized during the entry cycle,contacts (30-! (Fig. 4d) become closed. At the end of the entry cyclecam contacts FCI8 become closed. Toward the end of the first transfercycle cam contacts CC-IO close, current then being permitted to flowfrom line 22, through FC|8, GG -S now closed, through the now closed 40bcontacts, through the motor magnet 42 to the other side of the line.This will step the switch forward for the second transfer step andconnect relay coil 2 in circuit. A similar action will occur for eachsuccessive step of transfer which is required. when all transferringoperations are complete a release magnet ll becomes energized and withthis magnet energized the switch arm 42 returns back to normal positionunder spring action in the customary way. Control of the release magnetis provided for by contacts 491) which are closed in a manner to besubsequently described by the energization of relay magnet 49.

During restoration of the stepping switch, current supply to the switch43 is prevented by means of contacts 48d which are opened up during thereleasing step,

It will be assumed that the four amounts arev entered into variousaccumulators in the manner previously explained and the first transfercycle is to be initiated. Referring to Fig. 4d, with relay contacts G4closed, upon the energization of G in the manner previously explainedand upon closure of cam contacts FCI'| a circult will be completed fromthe 23 line, through the stepping switch contacts 40a now in theposition shown, completing a circuit to energize stepping or motor relay42. Energization 'of relay 42 brings about one step of advance movementto stepping switch 43. W42 having advanced one step will. connect relaycoil I in circuit. Energization of relay coil I (Fig. 4d) will bringabout ensures: contacts la and provide current supply for the +A plugsocket, through-relay coil 44 (Fig. 4c). The complete circuit will nowbe traced, from line 22, through, through contacts la now closed, to a+A socket, via plug connection from such socket to a b socket, throughrelay coil +Ab and back to the other side of the line 22. Energizationof relay coil +Ab will close the multi-contacts of this relay which areshown to the right of the dotted line coils on Fig. 4a.

The various accumulators A, B, C and D are provided with readoutsdesignated ARO, BRO, CR0 and BBQ. These readouts are of the customarydual type. One section of such readouts is wired in direct manner to anemitter l0 and the other section of the various readouts iscomplementarily wired to .theemitten It will be understood that thereare two readout devices for each accumulator order and one of these iswired to read out the nines complement of the amount standing on thecorresponding order wheel and that the other of these is wired to readout directly the value standing on said wheel. By the use of such aconstruction it is possible to concurrently derive an amount from thecommon lines generally designated 48, which lines it will be seen extendto the 333 accumulator magnets. In this way the amount standing in A istransferred additively into 13. During the same first transfer cyclethere is also a transfer of theamount standing in.C to accumulator D.This transfer entry is permitted because of the energizatlon of relay+Cd which allows impulses to flow from CRO to the group oflinesgenerally designated 41, which extend to the D accumulator (seeFig. 4b). At the end of the first transfer cycle there is an initiatingcontrol to initiate the operations pertaining to the second transfercycle. This initiating control will now be described.

At the end of. the entry cycle cam contacts FC--l8 become closed and atthe end of the first transfer cycle, contacts CC-Jil become closed,current is then permitted to flow from line 23, through FC-l8, throughG0 5, through CC- lfl, through the now closed contacts 40b to againenergize the stepping magnet 42. gization of the stepping magnetadvances the switch 43 an additional step and connects relay coil 2 incircuit. With relay coil .2 energized, relay contacts 2a close andremain closed, during the second transfer cycle and such contactsprovide current supply to the +13 sockets on thesecand step section ofthe programing plugboard and thus energizes the +Bd relay. With relay.

This enercomplete final result of the sum of A, B, C and D now stands inthe D accumulator and the machine ls ready to record this amount uponthe record from which the items were derived.

Before describing the recording of this final result upon the record itmay be explained that following the second transfer cycle mentionedabove, the machine attempts to initiate another cycle and attempts toconnect up the third step section of the programing plugboard forcontrol of machine operations. Such third step section of the plugboardis, however, wholly unplugged and this unplugged status of this sectionprovides a control through a test circuit to terminate transfer cyclesautomatically. This terminating control will now be described.

Following the second transfer cycle described above, the stepping switch43 is again advanced upon closure of cam contacts CC-lll and the 3 relaybecomes energized. Referring now to Fig. 40, it will be noted that relaycoil 44 is in the input circuit to the programing plugboard and underthe condition just described with relay 3 energized while there will bean input circuit established to the third step section of the pro 49a,relay contacts 50a, to the other side of the line. Upon energization ofrelay coil 49, relay contacts 49b close and establish a circuit toenergize release magnet 5|. Contacts 4911 open and break the circuit tothe relays 2 to I 8 inclusive, during the time switch 43 is moving tohome position. Energization of release magnet 5| restores the steppingswitch 43 to normal zero position (the position shown). The energizationof relay coil 49 also closes relay contacts 490 (Fig. 4d) establishing acircuit energizing punch control relay T. Such relay coil T correspondsto the B relay coil of theDaly patent. The T relay remains energized bya stick circuit extending through stick contacts T-2 and contacts K-4now closed. The energization of relay coil T closes contacts T-l (Fig.4c) and establishes a circuit in the usual way to the readout strip ofthe punch. The plug sockets 39 of the readout strip are connected byplug connections to sockets 38D so that punching of the final result inD proceeds in the usual way by the selective energization of the punchmagnets 52. These punch magnets it will be understood are selectivelyenergized under control of the DB0 readout. During result punchingemitter I9 is isolated from the circuit by the opening of relay contactsT-3 and during result punching the punch magnets 52 are connected to thetransverse buses extending to the various readouts by the closure ofrelay contacts T4l3 (Fig. 4a). The energization of relay coil T duringresult punching also closes relay contacts Tl4--29 thereby connectingthe readout circuits to the plug sockets 38A, 38B, 38C and 38D. By theprovision of the construction just described the use of an extra readoutsection for controlling punching is obviated.

Referring now to Fig. 4d when the stepping switch 43 re-assumes a homeposition (i. e. the

.K-2 close and a circuit is established from line 23 through FC-i8,through K2, through L-l now closed to energize reset magnet l3. With l3energized all of the accumulators are reset to zero. During reset,contacts l5 and I! become closed, l6 upon closing energizing relay coilL, which upon energizing opens the L-I contacts to prevent repetition ofreset. Relay coil L has a stick circuit through L-2 and the punchcontrol contacts,P--2. Contacts l1, upon closing energize relay coil M,the circuit being from line 23, through FC-I9, through GG-2 now closed,through ll, through M to line 22. Energization of relay coil M initiatesa new card feed cycle upon closure of contacts Ml in the mannerpreviously described. Relay coil M has a stick circuit through stickcontacts M2, the circuit being completed to line through FC-! in theusual way.

It will be understood that the illustrated embodiment affords aconstruction in which nineteen or less transfer cycles may be eifected.It the entire nineteen transfer cycles were used, at the end of the lasttransfer cycle, the switch 43 would be advanced to the unwired lastcontact. Under this condition all of the relays I, 2, 3,. etc., willremain de-energized and their a" contacts will remain open. Accordingly,there will be no energization of relay magnet 44 (Fig. 4c) and uponclosure of CC-8 (Fig. 4d) relay 49 would be energized terminatingoperations and bringing about restoration of the stepping switch tonormal position in the manner previously explained.

Another calculation will now be described involving subtraction. Let itbe assumed that the operator of the machine desires to calculate thefollowing two problems:

A+BD:Rl

as one result, and

BC+D Rr"-2 as another result. R-l and R-2 are each to be punched back onto the record. The entry circuits from the brushes will be set up asbefore, that is. entry circuits will be provided by plugging from 21 toMA, MB, 3IC and 3ID. The programing plugboard for the various steps willbe plugged up as follows:

In the first step section a plug connection will be made thus. +Ba. Thiswill provide for a positive transfer of B to the A accumulator. In thesecond step section a plug connection will be made thus, Da. This willprovide for a negative transfer from D to A and when this transfer ismade, the whole result R! will be in the A accumulator. Result pluggingconnections will be made from sockets 33A (Fig. 4a) to the desiredsockets '39 (Fig. 40). For the other computation to obtain the resultRr-2, plug connections will be made as follows: In the second stepsection, a connection will be made +Db. This plug connection is made inthe second step because in the first step for the other computation, theamount B is being transferred to A'and therefore numerous.

it is impossible to effect the D to B transfer until after B has beentransferred to A for the R| computation. For the second computation, inthe third step, a plug connection will be made Cb. The final result willbe in the B accumulator and result punching will be provided for byplacing plug connections from the 3813 sockets to the desired 39sockets.

When subtractive transfers are effected in the instant machine suchtransfers are effected by reading out from the readouts, the 9'scomplement of the amount standing therein entering this amount into theselected accumulator and in the units position causing an elusive l tobe entered in such accumulator. For providing for the entry of theelusive I, each of the various accumulators A, B, C and D is providedwith an elusive l magnet 52. United States patent to Lake, No.1,976,617, shows the manner in which an elusive one may be entered underan elusive magnet control. This magnet when energized trips the carrylatch pertaining to the units order and thus causes an entry of 1- intothe units order and this entry with the 9's complementary entry providesfor a true complementary into the accumulator. The energization of theelusive I magnet is brought about in the following manner: Consideringnow the negative transfer of D to A, the Da relay will be energized.Energization of relay coil Da will close its multicontacts which includean extreme right hand contact connecting to line 53 (Fig. 4a) whichextends to cam contacts CC9. The right hand contact also connects to aline 54 which, if traced.

will be found to extend to the elusive l magnet 52A (Fig. 41)).

It seems unnecessary to further trace the operations for this type ofproblem since they are substantially the same as previously describedexcept that different relays are energized and subtractive transfers areeffected at the proper cycle time.

The foregoing description has traced two simple problems which themachine is adaptable for computing. which the machine is capable ofcomputing is Several of them may be briefly al luded to without detailedcircuit description with a mere reference to the cyclic times in whichvarious events take place.

Assume general equations as follows:

i (AorBorCorD) =R-1 i- (AorBorCorD) i (AorBorCorD) =R-2 (AorBorCorD) andassume also a different selection of one or more terms or signs. Thus,as examples. as-

sume

(a) B -C)=R1 (D+A):R2

(b) (A+C)=R1 (D+C) =R-2 The number of different problems transfer cycleor step. For problem (b) program-plugging is as follows: +Cd in thefirst step section and Ac in the second step section. Such plugging willprovide for the positive transfer of O to the D accumulator in the firststep and the negative transfer of A to the C accumulator in the secondstep.

Consider new general equations as follows:

and with a different section of one ormore terms or signs.

As examples of the above assume two problems:

- (a) B-C+D=R-1 A+B-D=R2 (b) A+B+C=R1 ABC=R-2 For problem (a) above, theprograming plugging forthe first step would be +Ba, which would bringabout the transfer of B positively to A. In the second step section,.-the plugging would be +Db and Da. +Db would bring about the transfer ofD positively to the B accumulator and the Da plugging would bring aboutthe negative transfer of D into the A accumulator. In the third step,the program-plugging would be Cb which -would negatively transfer C tothe B accumulator, giving a final amount in A=to A+B-D and the finalamount in B=B-C+D.

For problem (b) above, the program-plugging for the first step would be+Bc and +Ad and for the second step, it would be +01; and Cd. There isno entry from card to D in this problem.

Another typical and illustrative problem might be as follows:

Th program-plugging for this calculation would be as follows: In thefirst step +Ac. This would bring about transfer of the A amount to the Caccumulator. In the second step the plugging would be -Aa. This willnegatively transfer the A amount back into the same accumulator and thusclear the A accumulator to zero, leaving it available for use in thesucceeding steps of the computation. For the third step, the pluggingwould be +Ba to bring about the transfer of B positively into the nowcleared A accumulator. For the fourth step the plugging would be -Da and+Db. This would bring about, during the fourth step the negativetransferof D into the A accumulator containing the amount B and will bring aboutthe positive amount of the D amount to the B accumulator. Then at theconclusion of the computation B-D would stand in A, B+D would stand inB, and C+A would stand in C.-

Another illustrative problem which the machine is capable of performingis the following 2A4B+8Cl6D=R1. In this problem the amounts on therecord card would be merely A,

vB, C and D. For this operation the plugging would be as shown intabular form below.

The effect of step I is to form 23 and 2D in the correspondingaccumulators. By step II, 23 is entered negatively into accumulator A togive A2B, and 2D is entered negatively into accu mulator C to give C-2D.Steps III and IV give 2(C-2D) and 4(C2D) respectively in accumulator C.The effect of step V is that the amount (J-2D) in accumulator C isentered additively n will be noted that the 'odd units in, c and!) aredealt with by entering these amounts in the accumulator A beforedoubling them, and that the doubling of B, the entry of 23 into the accumulator A and the doubling of 2D are so arranged that steps 11 and IVare identical. The rule 4. pointed out hereinabove is, however, brokenfor step V which differs from step I. With the circuit arrangement shownthe transfer +18 to b will also take place, but this does not matter asthe performance of a transfer from accumulatnr B back into itself instep V has no harmful effect. This constitutes an exception to rule 4.which may be restated as follows:

4. The plugging made for each step must have no connection in commonwith any other step or must be identical with that for another step,

unless the unwanted transfer will have no ill effect.

Another typical and peculiar problem may be as follows: Where it isdesired to get four different results, this being the maximum capacityof the machine herein shown.

With the above pluggings the sequence of transfer cycles would be asfollows: On the first transfer, A would be added to C. On the secondtransfer D would be subtracted from B in B. In the third step A would besubtracted from D in D. On the fourth step A would be cleared to zero byadding back on this the A amommt subtractiveiy. On the fifth step theB--D amount.

would be taken from B and entered positively in the Aaccumulator. On thelast the D-A amount from n is added tothe B-D m a to give the desiredfinal result of B-A in the A accumulator.

Other typical illustrative problems showing different kinds of operationwhich the machine is capable of performing are as follows:

1 Problem 7 BC=R1 D+A=R-2 .Siep 88 I +Ad Cb Problem 3B-5C+D--A=R1 StepPlugging Cd +84 +0: Ad +Bb +84 +Ce Problem 3B-2A+3DC=Rl Plugging +Aa+134 +Ac Bb +Dt Cb +Dd +M Problem 2A3B+3 (D-C) :R- 1

Step

Step Pl ss c I n +1 8' B0 +0 +1)! III +Aa t" I8 4} VI vn +Ab +Cd +1(B-A) =R- 1 BD=R-2 C+A=R-3 DA=R--4 Btop Pluss s +Ac -Do --Ad Ae +Bd +DaProblem (B-l-A) =R- 1 C+A=R2 DA=R3 'swp P um:

I +Ab +Ac -.u

It seems unnecessary to give further examples because the number ofproblems is practicallyinfinite.

Referring, however, to the plugboard shown in Fig. 5, it will be notedthat there is a break in the showing between step 6 and step l9. Inpractice, the plugboard would include step sections for the intermediatesections. Likewise on the wiring diagram, relay contacts la to Go onlyare shown and relay contacts l9a. If further step sections are providedon the plugboard, obviously the extra. relay contacts similar to lawould be provided controlling the input to the other sections of theprograming plugboard.

Summarizing, the number of cycles control is dependent upon andcontrolled by the number of successive sections of the plugboard whichis plugged up. This extent of plugging in connection with the steppingswitch 43 determines at which cycle relay coil 44 will fail to becomeenergized and thus terminate transfer cycles. The number of times thisrelay becomes energized under the control of the stepping switch willdetermine the number of transfer cycles.

Relays such as +Aa, +Ba, -Aa and -Ba, according to their selectiveenergization, determine both the source of a transfer entry and thedestination of a transfer entry and also determine the sign of atransfer. The energization of these relays is again dependent uponplugging. One socket determines the source and sign of an amount to betransferred and the other plug socket determines the destination of thetransferred amount.

What I claim is:

1. An accounting machine comprising a plurality of accumulators, meansto transfer amounts additively or subtractively from accumulator toaccumulator, a plurality of selectively operable routing means forselectively routing transferred amounts from selected sourceaccumulators to selected receiving accumulators, one set of said routingmeans being provided for additive transfers and another set beingprovided for negative transfers, a plurality of machine cycle controlmeans for bringing said routing means into operation to enable transferoperations to be effected in a selected one of a succession of machinecycles, means for causing successive operation of said last named meansin successive machine cycles, fixed wiring in the machine for routingtransferred amounts from selected source accumulators through therouting means to selected receiving accumulators, each of said routingmeans and the fixed wiring cooperating therewith invariably routing anamount from a determined source accumulator to a determined receivingaccumulator and all of routing means with the fixed wiring providing foreach possible different transfer between the various source accumulatorsand the various receiving accumulators, a programing plugboard havingdifferent sets of sockets connected to the different machine cyclecontrol means and other sets of sockets connected individually to eachand all of the routing means, and a common single plug wire adapted uponinsertion in a selected single socket of the different sets of socketsconnected to the machine cycle control means and upon insertion in oneof the sockets connected to a routing means to connect a machine cyclecontrol means and a routing means for conjoint operation upon operationof the machine cycle control means, said single plug wire whenselectively inserted by the operator concurrently selecting andrendering effective for subsequent action routing means for a selectedsource and selected destination accumulator and for a selected sign oftransfer and for also selecting which one of the plurality of machinecycle control means operating in an operated selected cycle is to beeffective to cause operation of the routing means for a transferringoperation.

2. In a cross-adding machine having a plurality of accumulators providedwith positive and negative readout means, and means for transferringamounts under control of said readout means, from accumulator toaccumulator in one or more successive machine cycles, machine cyclecontrol means for bringing about transferring by the transfer means inone or more successive machine cycles, a plurality of relay routingmeans which when selectively energized selectively route transfers fromrelated selected accumulators to related selected accumulators, thecombination wherein there are a plurality of the aforesaid machine cyclecontrol means each related to a different successive cycle, means forcausing the successive operation of said last named means in successivemachine cycles. means for selecting the machine cycle control meanswhich are to be effective whereby the machine cycles in which one ormore transfers are made may be selected, said last mentioned meanscomprising a programing plug boardhaving a plurality of sectionsallotted to related different successive machine cycles, each sectionhaving sockets commonly connected to the related machine cycle controlmeans of said plurality of machine cycle control means and socketsindividually connected to related relay routing means, each section whenplugged with a plug connection connecting the common sockets and a relaysocket being adaptedto connect the related machine cycle control meansto the related relay routing means whereby operation of the controlmeans causes operation of the relay routing means.

3. The invention according to claim 1, wherein the programing plug boardis made up of a plurality 'of successive sections, each section having aplurality of sockets connected to the related machine cycle controlmeans and each section having a set of sockets individually connected toeach of the routing means, said multiple section board and multiplesockets in each section enabling the operation by the insertion of apinrality of plug connections, one only for each transfer step of acomputation, to select and connect a plurality of routing means tomachine cycle control means for a plurality of transfers and to alsoenable the operator to select the cycle time of each transfer by themachine cycle control means which is or are connected, said plurality ofinsertible plug wires also enabling the operator to connect andcondition the machine cycle control means to cause a plurality oftransfers which may be in a desired selected order of succesion orconcurrence at will.

4. A machine according to claim 2, wherein the relay routing meansincludes routing means for routing transfers negatively under control ofthe negative readout means of the accumulators and other routing meansfor routing transfers positively under control of the positive readoutmeans of the accumulators, and wherein the sockets of the programingplug board include sockets connected to the routing means for negativetransfers and other sockets connected to the routing means for positivetransfers whereby one or the other of said sockets when plugged with asingle plug connection to one of the common sockets-may selectivelydetermine a positive or negative transfer.

5. In a cross-adding machine having a plurality of accumulators andmeans for transferring amounts from accumulator to accumulator in one ormore successive machine cycles, machine cycle control means for bringingabout transferring by the transfer means in one or more successivemachine cycles, a plurality of relay routing means which whenselectively energized selectively route transfers from related selectedaccumulators to related selected accumulators; the combination whereinthere are a plurality of the aforesaid machine cycle control means eachrelated to a different successive machine and transfer cycle, means forcausing operation thereof in successive machine cycles, and wherein theplurality of accumulators includea plurality of source accumulators withreadouts and a plurality of receiving accumulators, each of said relayrouting means having multi-contacts, fixed wiring connecting saidmulti-contacts to the receiving accumulatorsand to the readouts of thesource accumulators, each routing relay when energized invariablyconnecting a determined source accumulator to a determined receivingaccumulator through a portion of said fixed wiring, said difl'erentrouting relays and the fixed wiring to their multi-contacts providingforeach possible diiTerent transfer between the various sourceaccumulators and various receiving accumulators, a programing plug boardarranged in multiple sections, each related to a different transfercycle, and each section having sets of sockets commonly connected to themachine cycle control means for the related section, each section havingfurther sockets individually connected to each of the different relayrouting means, said former and latter sockets of each section whenplugged with one or more plug connections in a section beingadaptedduring the related transfer cycle to make the related machine cyclecontrol means effective to bring about energization of the one or morerelay routing means whose sockets are plugged upon operation of saidmachine cycle control means.

6. In a cross-adding machine with a plurality of accumulators, means fortransferring amounts from accumulator to accumulator, machine cyclecontrol means for bringing about transferring by the transfer means inone or more successive transfer cycles, the combination wherein themachine cycle control means comprises a stepping switch with a pluralityof stepping switch relays one for each successive transfer cycle andwhich relays are selectively successively energized upon each step ofadvance of the stepping switch, cyclically operable means for causingstep by step advance of said switch, an operation determining masterrelay which is variably influenced to afford further transfer operationsor to terminate transfer operations, means for selectively controllingsaid operation determining master relay under the conjoint control ofthe successively energized stepping switch relays and manually settableselecting means, said manually settable selecting means comprising amultisection programing plug board, having a series of successivesections, each related to a stepping switch relay and to a particularsuccessive transfer cycle, each" section further having plug socketswhich when plugged with a plug connection or connections, with thestepping switch relay pertaining to said section energized, determine acondition of the master relay to afford further transfer operations,each said section when wholly unplugged determining a terminatingcontrol condition of the master control relay, whereby the number ofsuccessive transfer cycles is determined by the number of successivesections of the programing plug board which are plugged and whereby thefirst unplugged section determines a suppression of transfer operationsin the'related machine cycle.

'7. A machine according to claim 6 wherein means are provided controlledby the operation determining master relay when it is in its terminatingcontrol condition for causing the stepping switch to be restored tonormal position.

JAMES W. BRYCE.

